Diabetes mellitus is a serious disease that is characterized by insulin deficiency to one or the other degree. As a result of pathology, hyperglycemia can occur, i. e. an increase in blood sugar, which will lead to various metabolic disorders and complications.
Diabetes lies in the third place after cancer and cardiovascular diseases. All over the world, more than a hundred million people are currently known with this disease. The number of cases doubles every 15 years.
Medicines that can completely eliminate the manifestations of diabetes do not exist. If the disease is not treated for a long time, irreversible disorders occur in the vessels of different organs.
In order to notice the symptoms of pathology in good time, you should know which types of diabetes exist.
Types of diabetes
Different types of diabetes are published in medicine. The term itself shows a whole list of diseases with common characteristics. Features of diabetes and their types consist of the pathological blood sugar level.
There are many reasons why insulin cannot cause glucose from the blood to cells. Nevertheless, the result is always the same: with strong blood saturation with sugar, the cells cannot normally eat.
If sugar does not fall into the cells, it pulls the water over it. A liquid that fills the bloodstream goes through the kidneys and dehydration occurs. Despite which diabetes are such symptoms:
- Dry mouth.
- Thirst.
- Frequent and abundant urination.
Every kind of illness differs in its own characteristic effect on the human body. Diabetes, of which the species have their own differences, maybe:
- Nonacory and sugar.
- Latent.
- Potential, it is expressed in predisposition to the disease.
- Insulin -dependent and insulin -dependent.
- Laby.
- Kidney.
- It appears postoperatively after the operation on the pancreas.
- Pancreas, expressed in the lesion of the pancreas.
- Not pancetic, it is not associated with damage to the pancreas.
The first type of diabetes mellitus
Insulin -dependent diabetes is referred to as autoimmune or virus damage to the pancreas, the organ producing in insulin. People with type -1 -diabetes, insulin, either has none at all or it is in very small volumes.
Statistics suggest that type 1 disease occurs at a young age. It is determined by symptoms such as more difficult thirst, fast urination, quick weight loss, strong feeling of hunger and the occurrence of acetone in the urine.
The treatment of this variety of disease is to introduce the desired dose of the hormone from the outside. Other therapeutic actions are completely ineffective. The first type of diabetes is most common on the basis of the genetic predisposition. Such a disease can provoke one or more negative factors and begin pathological changes in the immune system.
As a result, pancreatic cells are deformed, which produces insulin. The lack of hormone means that carbohydrates in the body cannot be completely disposed of, and the lack of energy tries to compensate for fat processing.
Toxic substances begin in the brain. It is therefore extremely important to constantly control the current state of the body and the content of glucose content in the blood.
The disease can be based on:
- Infections.
- Stress.
- Settled lifestyle.
- Autoimmune diseases.
- Inheritance.
- Inal meals.
Such diabetes is up to 15% of the total number of patients. Children and adolescents become sick most often. The disease appears due to a passive lifestyle and constant use of carbohydrates. Obesity and diabetes can appear when taking:
- Soda drinks.
- Smoked meat.
- Provisions.
- Fast food.
Sometimes diabetes appears and then obesity appear first. Type -1 disease has such symptoms:
- Weakness.
- Irritability.
- A feeling of fatigue.
- Brawl.
- Improved thirst.
- Calls for urination.
Often the patients quickly lose weight of the body or vice versa. Diabetes can be:
- Primary: genetic, essential.
- Secondary: thyroid, pituitary, steroid.
The disease can be mild, medium or serious. Due to the nature of the course, the disease is divided into insulin -dependent and insulin -dependent type. Due to the high sugar content in the blood, the buds and blood vessels are deformed.
Therefore, in many cases people suffer their eyesight and become almost blind. There are also two main manifestations: first a violation of the kidneys, then - the failure of this organ. Patients often notice the pain and deafness of the limbs. This is due to a violation of blood circulation and damage to the nerves.
In the event of a violation of the blood flow in the feet, there is a high risk of amputation of the legs. In the case of type -1 disease, there is a high volume of cholesterol levels in the blood, so there are no uncommon for diabetics or myocardial infarction.
In men with diabetes, impotence often develops because nerve and blood vessels stop in a healthy regime. Due to the pathology, they appear:
- Obesity.
- Pancreatitis.
- Dermatopathy.
- Nephropathy.
- Encephalopathy.
One of the pathologies that represent a great danger is the hypoglycemic coma. This condition often leads to death.
Patients with diabetes should determine blood sugar levels every day based on special devices for the conditions at home. If necessary, the urine is prescribed for the sugar content.
If the glucose level is increased, insulin injections are required to treat the disease of 1 type. This hormone is involved in the metabolism and enables the body to process carbohydrates.
If there is no adequate treatment of type -1 diabetes, serious complications occur. In some cases, death is possible. Sometimes a person needs a hospital stay to determine the complexity of the situation.
Under inpatient conditions, the patient taught new skills to control sugar.
The second type of diabetes mellitus
This type of illness occurs with insufficient insulin products through the pancreas. The disease is also exacerbated by a decrease in the cell activity of this organ. Typically, the pathology is formed due to the hereditary non -consumption of tissues to the hormone.
The substances that are exposed to insulin have insulin receptors. Due to the appearance of the pathology of these receptors, the immunity of tissues against insulin develops. The secretion of the hormone does not decrease and forms the relative insulin deficiency.
In patients with obesity, the function of insulin receptors is initially accepted. Overflow leads to excessive formation of glucose in the blood, while not controversial tissues do not allow to bring glucose into the cells.
Since a sufficient amount of insulin is needed to bring sugar into the cells, the excessive products of the pancreas that are wrapped in the exhaustion of beta cells begin.
2 The type of diabetes in medicine is not an inherited pathology, but an illness of the wrong lifestyle. Even with the existing severe inheritance, such an injury is not formed if:
- The use of sweet products and other "fast" carbohydrates is limited.
- No excessive food.
- There is constant control over the body mass.
- Physical exercises are carried out constantly.
Type -2 -Diabetes symptoms are not specific. In most cases, the person does not notice their manifestations because there is no significant deterioration in the fountain. However, if you know the symptoms, you cannot overlook the moment of your appearance and consult a doctor in good time to determine the concentration of glucose in the blood. Therefore, successful compensation for diabetes is created, the risk of complications will be significantly decreased.
The main manifestations of this pathology:
- Dry mouth.
- An increase in urine volume that constantly wakes up a person at night.
- Strong thirst.
- Itching the mucous membranes.
- Strong appetite in connection with the failure of the leptin synthesis.
The presence of diabetes can also speak:
- Slow restoration of wounds.
- Furunculose.
- Impotence.
- Mushroom infections.
The disease can be found for the first time when entering the hospital due to a stroke or a heart attack. Such diseases indicate that diabetes are in a serious stage.
The usual symptoms are only manifested with an increase in sugar level over the kidney threshold - 10 mmol /l. With this increase in glucose it appears in the urine. If the value does not reach 10 mmol/l blood, a person does not feel any changes in the body.
It can be noted that the random installation of type -2 diabetes is a very common phenomenon.
2 types are used for diabetes therapy: The following funds are used:
- Biguanides.
- Thiosolidindo.
- Sulfanillarochevina costs.
- Clay.
Pregnancy diabetes
The disease form of pregnancy can occur in a pregnant woman. The pathology is formed on the basis of insulin production that is required to regulate blood sugar.
During pregnancy, woman's body is forced to produce a large amount of insulin, which meets the needs of the fetus. This process is particularly relevant in the second half of the childish.
If there is a lack of insulin, the glucose level in the blood constantly increases and offers the opportunity to form a type of pregnancy of diabetes. This disease usually takes place independently after birth.
This is a characteristic feature that distinguishes it from other types of diabetes that are chronic.
Latent diabetes
A large number of unclear moments are associated with diabetes. The most common types of diseases are the first and second species. It is worth noting that there is a middle type of this dangerous disease called Lada Diabetes.
Such a disease occurs in adulthood. This diversity of the disease is dangerous in the fact that it can be camouflaged for a long time as type -2 diabetes. The latent form of the disease is very difficult.
Lada is a serious autoimmune disease. The immune system attacks its own organism and constantly destroys beta cells that produce insulin in the pancreas. However, such patients can do without insulin injections for a long time, in contrast to those who are more diabetes.
With a latent form of diabetes, the immune processes are quite slow. Working beta cells are preserved in the pancreas. The patients show treatment with medication intended for diabetics with the second type of diabetes. Over time, antibodies are destroying more and more beta cells, which leads to a serious decrease in the amount of insulin and the inevitable application of insulin therapy.
Hidden diabetes
Hidden diabetes mellitus has a different name: latent or sleeping. This pathology is a diabetes in an early stage.
With a preliminary stage of diabetes, sugar and its blood indicators never exceed the norm. In the early stages of the disease, a violation of glucose tolerance is recorded. After the sugar pollution, a person is determined very slowly in the blood, but a decrease in the glucose concentration.
Such people have a fairly high probability of diabetes in 10-15 years. This disease does not require specific complex therapy, but constant medical observation is important. The latent type of diabetes mellitus can occur over the years.
To develop it, it is sometimes sufficient to survive a serious nerve disorder or to maintain a viral infection.
Not -adalar -diabetes
NOT -ADALAR -DIABETES is a pathology caused by the absolute or relative deficiency of vasopressin, a hormone that has an anti -diuretic effect. People suffer from sudden urination and thirst. Sleep is significantly broken and a person cannot usually restore strength.
About 6-15 liters loose, light urine is released per day. There is also a lack of appetite and weight loss. One person is constantly tired and irritated, dry skin and lack of sweating are observed.
Sub -compensated diabetes
Diabetes mellitus is a disease that consists in a disturbed carbohydrate metabolism. All medical measures aim to normalize it. It is quite difficult to achieve a steady effect. Due to longer therapy, the degree of carbohydrate metabolism can fluctuate and have different values.
There are different forms with which you can compensate for this dangerous disease. We talk about:
- Decompensated.
- Undercompensated.
- Form compensated form.
The decompensated form is characterized by the fact that the carbohydrate metabolism gives almost no improvement. There is a high concentration of glucose in the blood, acetone and sugar can be found in the urine.
Sub -compensated diabetes is a pathology in which blood sugar does not differ significantly from the norm, there is also no acetone in the urine. In the compensated form of the disease, a person has glucose in normal, while there is no sugar in the urine.
Laby diabetes
The disease can be differentiated from the type of course to Lililem and stable difference. The lifile type of disease is characterized by a significant fluctuation of glucose in the blood.
Hypoglycemia appears in such people, mostly at dinner. Late at night and early morning there is a strong thirst and hyperglamine. The hidden course of the disease is often accompanied by the formation of ketoacidosis, which often leads to a diabetic coma.
A quick replacement of hypoglycaemia hyperglycemia is characteristic of youthful and childish diabetes. The stability of the course of the disease is characteristic of the average stage. The disease runs Labilly when it is serious.